Great questions, I could have definitely explained that better! In this example, item refers to the source of data for that row. If you look at your other columns, for example Sss loan, the source would be something like sss_loan (or whatever the column name in the database is), and the default mapped value is {{ item }}. In my example above, I made the id the source of my custom sum column, so that I could refer to it to access the correct object in the changesetObject.
Something I forgot to mention that is crucial in having this work, is making sure the primary key of your table is set to ID. Without this, the changesetObject will organize changed rows by the index instead of their id. If you have it set up this way, everything should work.

To answer your second question, you can access the index of the row by using i in the mapped value of the column. Also, like I said before, if the primary key isn't set in your table settings, the changesetObject will organize changed rows by index. So, not to complicate things, but an alternate solution could be to leave the primary key blank, and then use the index instead of the item in the mapped value. Modifying my previous example would look like this:
{{ (table12.changesetObject[i] ? table12.changesetObject[i].distance : currentSourceRow.distance) + currentSourceRow.user_id }}
Keep in mind that in my example, only the distance column is editable, so changes in the user_id wouldn't be seen. I'm also realizing that the logic is slightly different with multiple columns changing, and we'll need some optional chaining. Based on the image you shared, if I had to guess what your logic would look like, you would have something like this:
{{ (table1.changesetObject[i]?.sss_loan ? table1.changesetObject[i].sss_loan : currentSourceRow.sss_loan) + (table1.changesetObject[i]?.pagibig_loan ? table1.changesetObject[i].pagibig_loan : currentSourceRow.pagibig_loan) + (table1.changesetObject[i]?.canteen ? table1.changesetObject[i].canteen : currentSourceRow.canteen) + (table1.changesetObject[i]?.others ? table1.changesetObject[i].others : currentSourceRow.others) }}
Not the shortest piece of javascript ever, but it should work! Let me know how it goes and maybe share what your mapped value looks like if its not working and we can make any necessary tweaks.