I think paginating would make the one query go faster but since it looks like there might be a significant amount of latency because of the distance to the server making more requests to your DB might not be ideal. You might consider using something like localStorage to store your data. How often does the data update? Is it possible to request just the updates?
Also, how much of your data does the user need to act on? There may be other filters that are beneficial as well.
As mentioned here EU hosting is a project that's being worked on! Hopefully, that helps your query performance as well when it arrives.