For components, this would be comparable to the select component. For using this within the table, you'd select Tag Dropdown as the column type -- more info on the set up of that column type here: http://community.retool.com/t/control-of-inputs-into-a-table/16349
Here's another example:
Based on the data source logic, if the row in my table has a project id above 15, then I should be able to select "started", "in progress", or "complete" for the project status:
However, rows where the project id is 15 or less, will only be able to select "started" or "in progress" :
The custom column types don't have the option for a dropdown, but you can use this workaround: http://community.retool.com/t/tag-table-column-type-deprecated-for-custom-columns/14670
Let me know if this is helpful for your use case