If the column of the table is set to display as Phone, this will break the filtering capability, without any error messages. Filtering on all columns will not work, not just the phone number one.
Details:
The work around for this is to format the phone number field as String.
This should be fixed on Cloud now (as of version 3.178) For self hosted accounts, the fix will land in and edge release shortly after and the next stable release for Q2 2025