I know that for polygons, you can use dynamic styling in the GeoJSON Layer styling field of the component:
However, it sounds like your use case is a bit more complex. Many users find that a custom component map allows them to use more features than the ones natively supported by our mapbox component. I think that is worth exploring for your map
We have a feature request to add the layer system to our component, which I've added this ticket to. I don't have a timeline yet, but if we ship this feature, I'll post on this thread